10,889 research outputs found
Production of high stellar-mass primordial black holes in trapped inflation
Trapped inflation has been proposed to provide a successful inflation with a
steep potential. We discuss the formation of primordial black holes in the
trapped inflationary scenario. We show that primordial black holes are
naturally produced during inflation with a steep trapping potential. In
particular, we have given a recipe for an inflaton potential with which
particle production can induce large non-Gaussian curvature perturbation that
leads to the formation of high stellar-mass primordial black holes. These
primordial black holes could be dark matter observed by the LIGO detectors
through a binary black-hole merger. At the end, we have given an attempt to
realize the required inflaton potential in the axion monodromy inflation, and
discussed the gravitational waves sourced by the particle production.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, match the version accepted by JHE
Application of Exergy: A Low-Exergy Solution to Building Heating and Cooling
Considering heat a form of energy, the mechanical theory of heat (MTH), in making this historic advance of heat’s ontological-category, made a relational-category error. The resulting energetic viewpoint of MTH sees all changes in nature as energy conversions and the problem of building heating and cooling as, quantitatively, energy-demand-and-supply problem. The IEA-ECBCS-programme introduced a correction to this energetic bias with the principle of “matching the quality levels between the energy supply and demand,” which is known as LowEx approach. A recently formulated theory of heat, the predicative entropic theory of heat (PETH), is based on the cornerstone of correct categories of heat ontologically as well as predicatively (relationally). In the new theory, heat extraction plays a central role and, therefore, changes in nature are seen in terms of spontaneous entropy growth and heat extraction as powered by entropy growth potentials (EGPs). An alternative to the IEA-ECBCS’s LowEx approach is suggested here based on heat extraction. Instead of matching of quality levels, LowEx can also be achieved by the management of natural EGPs: the combined solar and heat pump systems (S+HPs) can be transformed into LowEx S+HPs, a pure heat extraction system, by “eliminating” the energy conversion process of auxiliary heating
Lifshitz spacetimes, solitons, and generalized BTZ black holes in quantum gravity at a Lifshitz point
In this paper, we study static vacuum solutions of quantum gravity at a fixed
Lifshitz point in (2+1) dimensions, and present all the diagonal solutions in
closed forms in the infrared limit. The exact solutions represent spacetimes
with very rich structures: they can represent generalized BTZ black holes,
Lifshitz space-times or Lifshitz solitons, in which the spacetimes are free of
any kind of space-time singularities, depending on the choices of the free
parameters of the solutions. We also find several classes of exact static
non-diagonal solutions, which represent similar space-time structures as those
given in the diagonal case. The relevance of these solutions to the
non-relativistic Lifshitz-type gauge/gravity duality is discussed.Comment: revtex4, 5 figures. Typos are correcte
On Higher Derivative Couplings in Theories with Sixteen Supersymmetries
We give simple arguments for new non-renormalization theorems on higher
derivative couplings of gauge theories to supergravity, with sixteen
supersymmetries, by considerations of brane-bulk superamplitudes. This leads to
some exact results on the effective coupling of D3-branes in type IIB string
theory. We also derive exact results on higher dimensional operators in the
torus compactification of the six dimensional (0, 2) superconformal theory.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, section 2 reconstructured, new result in
section 3.2, additional clarifications adde
(2,2) Superconformal Bootstrap in Two Dimensions
We find a simple relation between two-dimensional BPS N=2 superconformal
blocks and bosonic Virasoro conformal blocks, which allows us to analyze the
crossing equations for BPS 4-point functions in unitary (2,2) superconformal
theories numerically with semidefinite programming. We constrain gaps in the
non-BPS spectrum through the operator product expansion of BPS operators, in
ways that depend on the moduli of exactly marginal deformations through chiral
ring coefficients. In some cases, our bounds on the spectral gaps are observed
to be saturated by free theories, by N=2 Liouville theory, and by certain
Landau-Ginzburg models.Comment: 56 pages, 14 figure
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